Cemetery overcrowding presents a challenge the world over, particularly in cramped cities and among religions, including Judaism, that forbid or discourage cremation. The reality of relying on finite land resources to cope with the endless stream of the dying has brought about creative solutions.

But only in Israel does the phenomenon appear to be part of a government-backed master plan. Aside from those who have already purchased their future plots, individual outdoor graves are no longer offered to the families of the more than 35,000 Israelis who die each year.

The first space-saving option is to put graves on top of each other — separated by a concrete divider — and have a shared headstone. This is common among couples and even whole families, and every new pit dug in Israel has room for at least two graves in it. The second option is stacking the dead above ground into niches built into walls, a bit like in a morgue, but adorned with headstones. The third, and most revolutionary option, is to be buried in a building where each floor resembles a traditional cemetery, without the sky above.

For this upheaval to take off in Israel, though, the blessing of the rabbis was needed. Israel’s rabbinical authorities oversee all burials of Jewish Israelis. The Jewish burial ritual is based on the passage in Genesis in which G-d banishes Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden: “For dust you are — and to dust you shall return.” Jewish law stipulates that all bodies be buried separately on a layer of dust and earth.

Yaakov Ruza, the rabbi of the Tel Aviv burial society, a semiofficial organization that oversees Jewish burials, said the new forms of burial have been endorsed by leading Jewish ultra-Orthodox figures.

The towers, for instance, have pipes filled with dirt inside their columns so that each layer is still connected to the ground. In many ways, Ruza said the new types of burial represent a return to the Holy Land’s ancient origins of burying inside caves and catacombs.

“This is an artificial cave,” he said. “Once they used to build a cave into a mountain. Now we are taking these artificial caves and turning them into a mountain.”